Naproxen administration affects murine late folliculogenesis, reduces granulosa cell proliferation and the number of ovulated oocytes.

Naproxen reduces the production of prostaglandins via inhibition of the cyclooxygenase. Studies have shown that its administration in women can be related to failed ovulation. Therefore, preclinical investigations must be performed in order to investigate its effects in experimental models. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of naproxen on murine folliculogenesis, ovulation, and female fertility. Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 128 - 6 weeks old) were divided into Control, low (10 mg/kg), and high naproxen (50 mg/kg) groups, who were treated for 8 days and directed to morphofunctional analyses. Follicular quantification showed a reduced percentage of antral follicles in naproxen-treated animals. These treated animals also showed smaller oocytes included in secondary and antral follicles, and the diameter of secondary and antral follicles was also reduced. A reduction in the percentage of Ki67-positive granulosa cells was observed in treated animals that also showed down-regulation of Igf1r compared to control. After an ovarian stimulation protocol, naproxen-treated animals showed a reduction in the percentage of secondary and antral follicles, a reduced number of ovulated oocytes and, corpora lutea, and an increased number of failed ovulations. Finally, naproxen-treated animals also showed a reduction in mating index and pregnancy rate. Our findings suggested that, in mice, naproxen administration (eight days treatment) negatively affects molecular and morphological aspects related to late folliculogenesis, ovulation, and fertility.

Acute Exposure to Two Biocides Causes Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Gill Ciliary Epithelium of the Invasive Golden Mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857).

Limnoperna fortunei, the golden mussel, is a bivalve mollusk considered an invader in South America. This species is responsible for ecological and economic damages due to its voluminous fouling capability. Chemical biocides such as MXD-100™ and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are often used to control L. fortunei infestations in hydraulic systems. Thus, we proposed to investigate the effects of different periods (24, 48 and 72 h) of exposure to MXD-100™ (0.56 mg L-1) and NaDCC (1.5 mg L-1) on the gills of L. fortunei through morphological and molecular analyses. NaDCC promoted progressive morphological changes during the analyzed periods and only an upregulation of SOD and HSP70 expression during the first 24 h of exposure. MXD-100™ led to severe morphological changes from the first period of exposure, in addition to an upregulation of SOD, CAT, HSP70 and CYP expression during the first 24 h. In contrast, MXD-100™ led to a downregulation of CAT transcription between 24 and 48 h. In static conditions, NaDCC causes lethal damage after 72 h of exposure, and that exposure needs to be continuous to achieve the control of the species. Meanwhile, the MXD-100™ treatment presented several effects during the first 24 h, showing acute toxicity in a shorter period of time.

Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary metabolomic profile of patients who habitually smoke hookah and cigarettes. The groups consisted of 33 regular and exclusive hookah smokers, 26 regular and exclusive cigarette smokers, and 30 nonsmokers. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for the measurement of salivary metabolites by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The MetaboAnalyst software was used for statistical analysis and evaluation of biomarkers. 11 smoking salivary biomarkers were identified using the area under receiving-operator curver criterion and threshold of 0.9. Xylitol and octadecanol were higher in cigarette smokers compared to controls; arabitol and maltose were higher in controls compared to cigarette smokers; octadecanol and tyramine were higher in hookah smokers compared to controls; phenylalanine was higher in controls compared to hookah smokers; and fructose, isocitric acid, glucuronic acid, tryptamine, maltose, tyramine, and 3-hydroxyisolvaleric acid were higher in hookah smokers compared to cigarettes smokers. Conclusions: The evaluation of the salivary metabolome of hookah smokers, showing separation between the groups, especially between the control versus hookah groups and cigarette versus hookah groups, and it seems to demonstrate that the use of hookah tobacco is more damaging to health.

Effectiveness of embodied evaluation of mobile applications: A qualitative study.

As a consequence of technological advances, the number of devices has increased, with the emergence of different smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches present in both personal and professional activities. As a result, mobile applications have been developed, and with them comes the need for techniques and methods that provide support for conducting evaluation and prototyping since the current approaches are limited and cannot support the complexity and the need for understanding the context. The overall goal of the study is to evaluate the applicability of adopting a situated and embodied approach to mobile application usability testing. The aspects of postmodern and phenomenological approaches were taken into consideration. The study was conducted using the technique of digital ethnography, in particular the re-enactment technique, combined with qualitative research techniques to capture the evidence that the situated and embodied approach allows for capturing the perceptions and experience of the participants about the use of the application under evaluation. As motivation, there is the theoretical and methodological evolution and contribution and the proof that the postmodern and situated approach allows us to evaluate the usability of mobile applications in a complete way, considering the context and the user experience. The results show aspects of experience, reflections, perceptions, contingencies, practices, and meanings that go beyond the complexity of interactions and context with the use of the application, reinforcing the effectiveness of the use of the situated prototyping approach.

Bioactive cellulose acetate nanofiber loaded with annatto support skeletal muscle cell attachment and proliferation.

Electrospinning emerged as a promising technique to produce scaffolds for cultivated meat in function of its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biocompatible and low-cost material that support cell adhesion and proliferation. Here we investigated CA nanofibers, associated or not with a bioactive annatto extract (CA@A), a food-dye, as potential scaffolds for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering. The obtained CA nanofibers were evaluated concerning its physicochemical, morphological, mechanical and biological traits. UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements confirmed the annatto extract incorporation into the CA nanofibers and the surface wettability of both scaffolds, respectively. SEM images revealed that the scaffolds are porous, containing fibers with no specific alignment. Compared with the pure CA nanofibers, CA@A nanofibers showed increased fiber diameter (420 ± 212 nm vs. 284 ± 130 nm). Mechanical properties revealed that the annatto extract induces a reduction of the stiffness of the scaffold. Molecular analyses revealed that while CA scaffold favored C2C12 myoblast differentiation, the annatto-loaded CA scaffold favored a proliferative state of these cells. These results suggest that the combination of cellulose acetate fibers loaded with annatto extract may be an interesting economical alternative for support long-term muscle cells culture with potential application as scaffold for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering.

Drastic Loss of Antral Follicles Due to Gene Expression Dysregulation Occurs on the First Day After Subcutaneous Ovarian Transplantation.

Ovarian cryopreservation is an alternative for the preservation of fertility, and the subcutaneous transplantation site is considered one of the most promising. Studies evaluating the follicular growth and its relationship with gene expression and vascular perfusion are essential for improving this technique and its clinical application. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous autotransplantation and vitrification on follicular growth and atresia and their relationship with vascular perfusion and gene expression. Therefore, female mice were ovariectomized, and the ovaries were divided in two experimental groups (1) vitrified (treatment, n = 97) and (2) not vitrified (control, n = 97) and subsequently were transplanted. Then grafts, from both groups, were recovered after 1, 12, or 23 days (D1, D12, D23) and subjected to follicular quantification, morphometry, and qPCR. Non-transplanted ovaries (D0) were also used. The estrous cycle and vascular perfusion were monitored throughout the experiment. On D9, 100% of the animals had reestablished their estrous cycles (p > 0.05). Blood perfusion at the transplant site was similar for both treatments (p > 0.05), with greater perfusion at the site of vitrified transplants only on D1 (p < 0.05). A drastic reduction in the number of antral follicles and an increased number of atretic follicles were observed on D1 (p < 0.0001), associated with upregulation of Casp3, Fshr, and Igf1r; and downregulation of Bax, Acvr1, Egfr, and Lhcgr (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the first day after subcutaneous transplantation is a critical period for follicular survival, with intense follicular atresia independent of Bax upregulation.

Principais manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas prevalentes em pacientes acometidos por fraturas orbitárias: revisão integrativa de literatura / The main ophthalmological clinical manifestations prevalent in patients affected by orbital fractures: an integrative literature review

RESUMO Um em cada quatro pacientes acometidos por trauma maxilofacial terão concomitantemente fraturas da órbita e lesão ocular. Por isso, uma avaliação oftalmológica minuciosa é recomendada para todos os pacientes que sofrem um trauma de face. Alguns exames oftalmológicos logo após o trauma podem ser decisivos para a preservação da acuidade visual. Sujeitos com achados de exame físico de acuidade visual deficitárias, defeito pupilar aferente e imagens radiográficas com alta profundidade da fratura da órbita estão em maior risco de perda de visão e justificam preocupação específica para avaliação de lesão ocular. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir as manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas prevalentes em pacientes acometidos por fraturas orbitárias, com o intuito de adquirir melhor perspectiva e entendimento acerca das consequências que a patologia traz ao indivíduo, no que tange à oftalmologia e aos tratamentos mais adequados. Trata-se de estudo de revisão integrativa, utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed®/Medline®, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Lilacs, com um vocabulário controlado segundo a estratégia de busca em cada uma das bases de dados bibliográficas, por meio dos termos "ophthalmologic complications", "prevalence", "orbital fracture", em estudos publicados de 2013 a 2023. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada usando o Study Quality Assessment Tool from the Department of Health and Human Services. Foram encontradas 46 referências, sendo 20 no Pubmed®/Medline®, 17 na SciELO, 9 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e nenhuma na Lilacs. Após excluir referências duplicadas, foram selecionadas 44 referências para avaliação de elegibilidade. Após leitura dos títulos e resumos (n=44), 36 estudos foram excluídos pelas seguintes razões: artigos que não respondiam a nossa pergunta científica (n=11) e publicação superior a 10 anos (n=25). Identificaram-se, nos oito artigos selecionados, o objetivo do estudo, a população estudada o nível de evidência. Os oito estudos tiveram como objetivo analisar traumas orbitais com alterações funcionais significativas oculares e visuais pelo prejuízo ao tecido ósseo, nervoso, vascular e até parenquimatoso cerebral na região do assoalho e paredes de cavidades orbital. Dentre as manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas mais importantes, listam-se manifestação de enoftalmia, diplopia, hifema traumático, hemorragia retiniana, amaurose, quemose, neuropatia óptica traumática e hematoma retrobulbar. Considerando os oito estudos analisados, verificou-se a presença unânime de manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas na totalidade dos pacientes acometidos, sendo predominantes a baixa acuidade visual e o hifema. No que tange aos achados de menor prevalência, ao equipará-los às manifestações clínicas oftalmológicas mais encontradas, verifica-se que possuem como fator principal o estado transitório, concluindo-se que, mesmo com toda a gravidade do quadro de fratura orbitária, sua tendência é não deixar sequelas permanentes em grande partes dos casos, ainda que não seja nítida a relação estabelecida pela ausência de sequelas permanentes, especulando-se que essa ausência se deve à identificação do quadro e à intervenção adequada em tempo hábil.

ABSTRACT One in four patients affected by maxillofacial trauma will have concomitant orbital fractures and ocular injuries; therefore, an ophthalmological evaluation is recommended for all patients who have been affected by facial trauma. Some ophthalmological exams soon after the trauma can be decisive for the preservation of visual acuity. Patients with physical examination findings of poor visual acuity, afferent pupillary defect, radiographic images with high depth of orbital fracture, are at greater risk of vision loss and specific concern for evaluation of ocular injury. The objective of this study was to gather the prevalent ophthalmologic clinical manifestations in patients affected by orbital fractures, to achieve a better perspective and understanding about the consequences that the pathology brings to the individual regarding ophthalmology and the most appropriate treatments. This is an integrative review study, using the Pubmed®/Medline®, SciELO, Virtual Health Library and Lilacs databases, with a controlled vocabulary according to the search strategy in each of the bibliographic databases, using the terms "ophthalmologic complications", "prevalence", "orbital fracture", in studies published from 2013 to 2023. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Study Quality Assessment Tool from the Department of Health and Human Services. A total of 46 references were found, 20 in Pubmed®/Medline®, 17 in SciELO, 9 in the Virtual Health Library and none in Lilacs. After excluding duplicate references, 44 references were selected for eligibility assessment. After reading the titles and abstracts (n=44), 36 studies were excluded for the following reasons: articles that did not answer our scientific question (n=11) and publication over 10 years (n=25). In the eight selected articles, the objective of the study, the population studied, and the level of evidence were identified. The eight studies aimed to analyze orbital trauma with significant ocular and visual functional changes due to damage to bone, nerve, vascular, and even brain parenchymal tissue in the region of the floor and walls of orbital cavities. Among the most important ophthalmologic clinical manifestations, there are enophthalmos, diplopia, traumatic hyphema, retinal hemorrhage, amaurosis, chemosis, traumatic optic neuropathy and retrobulbar hematoma. Considering the eight studies analyzed, there was a unanimous presence of ophthalmological clinical manifestations in all affected patients, with low visual acuity and hyphema being predominant. Regarding the findings of lower prevalence, when equating them to the most common ophthalmologic clinical manifestations, they have as main factor the transient state, which can be concluded that, even with all the severity of the orbital fracture, its tendency is not to leave permanent sequelae in most cases, although the relationship established by the absence of permanent sequelae is not clear, speculating that this absence is due to the identification of the condition and the appropriate intervention in a timely manner.

Development of a device useful to reproducibly produce large quantities of viable and uniform stem cell spheroids with controlled diameters.

Three-dimensional cellular aggregates can mimic the natural microenvironment of tissues and organs and obtaining them through controlled and reproducible processes is mandatory for scaling up and implementing drug cytotoxicity and efficacy tests, as well as tissue engineering protocols. The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate the performance of a device with two different geometries fabricated by additive manufacturing. The methodology was based on casting a microwell array insert using a non-adhesive hydrogel to obtain highly regular microcavities to standardize spheroid formation and morphology. Spheroids of dental pulp stem cells, bone marrow stromal cells and embryonic stem cells showing high cell viability and average diameters of around 253, 220, and 500 µm, respectively, were produced using the device with the geometry considered most adequate. The cell aggregates showed sphericity indexes above 0.9 and regular surfaces (solidity index higher than 0.96). Around 1000 spheroids could be produced in a standard six-well plate. Overall, these results show that this method facilitates obtaining a large number of uniform, viable spheroids with pre-specified average diameters and through a low-cost and reproducible process for a myriad of applications.

Transcriptomic characterization of the molecular mechanisms induced by RGMa during skeletal muscle nuclei accretion and hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND: The repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a GPI-anchor axon guidance molecule first found to play important roles during neuronal development. RGMa expression patterns and signaling pathways via Neogenin and/or as BMP coreceptors indicated that this axon guidance molecule could also be working in other processes and diseases, including during myogenesis. Previous works from our research group have consistently shown that RGMa is expressed in skeletal muscle cells and that its overexpression induces both nuclei accretion and hypertrophy in muscle cell lineages. However, the cellular components and molecular mechanisms induced by RGMa during the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells are poorly understood. In this work, the global transcription expression profile of RGMa-treated C2C12 myoblasts during the differentiation stage, obtained by RNA-seq, were reported. RESULTS: RGMa treatment could modulate the expression pattern of 2,195 transcripts in C2C12 skeletal muscle, with 943 upregulated and 1,252 downregulated. Among them, RGMa interfered with the expression of several RNA types, including categories related to the regulation of RNA splicing and degradation. The data also suggested that nuclei accretion induced by RGMa could be due to their capacity to induce the expression of transcripts related to 'adherens junsctions' and 'extracellular-cell adhesion', while RGMa effects on muscle hypertrophy might be due to (i) the activation of the mTOR-Akt independent axis and (ii) the regulation of the expression of transcripts related to atrophy. Finally, RGMa induced the expression of transcripts that encode skeletal muscle structural proteins, especially from sarcolemma and also those associated with striated muscle cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide comprehensive knowledge of skeletal muscle transcript changes and pathways in response to RGMa.

Interfaces entre Educação Física e Saúde Coletiva: contribuições para enfrentar as crises do nosso tempo / Interfaces between Physical Education and public health: contributions to face the crises of our time / Interfaces entre Educación Física y salud pública: aportes para enfrentar las crisis de nuestro tiempo

O texto traz reflexões sobre as crises do nosso tempo acentuadas pela pandemia do Covid19 - e suas interfaces com a Educação Física (EF) e a Saúde Coletiva (SC). A pandemia explicitou questões que estão, de forma direta ou indireta, envolvidas com o contínuo adoecimento coletivo e planetário e suas repercussões na vida em sociedade. Considerar a EF como campo científico fronteiriço entre as ciências humanas e sociais e as ciências biológicas e da saúde, e como movimento ideológico comprometido com a transformação social é fundamental nesse cenário. Pode-se aproveitar que as práticas corporais e atividades físicas se tornaram prioridade no conjunto de políticas e programas de promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento sustentável para resgatar sua natureza multidimensional vinculada à saúde e suas determinações sociais. Para tal, é importante problematizar a linguagem do risco do sedentarismo. A aproximação com a SC favorece tais movimentos.

The text brings reflections on the crises of our time - accentuated by the Covid19 pandemic - and its interfaces with Physical Education (EF) and Collective Health (SC). The pandemic made explicit issues that are, directly or indirectly, involved with the continuous collective and planetary illness and its repercussions on life in society. Considering EF as a scientific field bordering the human and social sciences and the biological and health sciences, and as an ideological movement committed to social transformation is fundamental in this scenario. One can take advantage of the fact that body practices and physical activities have become a priority in the set of policies and programs for health promotion and sustainable development to retrieve their multidimensional nature linked to health and its social determinations. To this end, it is important to problematize the risk language of sedentary lifestyle. The SC approach favors such movements.

El texto trae reflexiones sobre las crisis de nuestro tiempo, acentuadas por la pandemia de Covid19, y sus interfaces con la Educación Física (EF) y la Salud Colectiva (SC). La pandemia hizo explícitos temas que están, directa o indirectamente, involucrados con la continua enfermedad colectiva y planetaria y sus repercusiones en la vida en sociedad. Considerar a la EF como un campo científico fronterizo con las ciencias humanas y sociales y las ciencias biológicas y de la salud, y como un movimiento ideológico comprometido con la transformación social es fundamental en este escenario. Se puede aprovechar que las prácticas corporales y las actividades físicas se han convertido en una prioridad en el conjunto de políticas y programas de promoción de la salud y desarrollo sostenible para rescatar su carácter multidimensional vinculado a la salud y sus determinaciones sociales. Para ello, es importante problematizar el lenguaje de riesgo del sedentarismo. El enfoque de SC favorece tales movimientos.

Atividade física e fatores associados em adolescentes ribeirinhos da amazônia, brasil / Physical activity and associated factors in adolescents living in the amazon region, brazil

O presente artigo descreve a atividade física geral e por domínios, e fatores sociodemográficos associados, em adolescentes ribeirinhos amazônicos. Pesquisa com delineamento transversal e amostra de 87 estudantes com idades entre 14 e 19 anos. A variável dependente foi a prática de atividade física avaliada pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Análises descritivas e o Teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher foram utilizados para verificar associações entre a atividade física e as variáveis sociodemográficas, e o Teste U de Man-Whitney para as variáveis contínuas de tempo de atividade física por semana. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05. A frequência de suficientemente ativos, considerando atividade física total, entre os ribeirinhos amazônicos foi de 70,1%. Nos domínios: 64,4% foram ativos no deslocamento; 47,1% no domicílio; 50,6% no lazer; e 27,7% no trabalho, considerando apenas os que relataram trabalhar no momento da pesquisa (n = 18). A atividade física geral foi associada com a classe econômica; a atividade física no deslocamento com o local de domicílio e a faixa etária; a atividade física no domicílio com o sexo; e a atividade física no lazer com a faixa etária e o sexo; apresentando padrões de associação similares aos de outros estudos em áreas rurais e urbanas do Brasil. É preocupante que a frequência de ativos no lazer seja baixa, especialmente entre as meninas (23,3%). Tal análise é importante para compreender alguns determinantes do sedentarismo e/ou de atividades de trabalho e deslocamento que o reduzem, mas não garantem o direito ao lazer ativo e saudável à parcela significativa dos adolescentes e estudantes bra sileiros. É preciso cautela na análise da relação entre atividade física total advinda do deslocamento e do domicílio com os benefícios à saúde. (AU)

This paper describes general and domain physical activity, and associated sociodemographic factors, in Amazonian riverside adolescents. Cross-sectional study and sample of 87 students aged 14-19 years. The dependent variable was the physical activity practice assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive analyzes and the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to verify physical activities and sociodemographic variables, and the U test from Man-Whitney was used to the continuous variables of physical activity time per week. The level of significance adopted was p ≤ 0.05. The frequency of sufficiently active, considering total physical activity, among Amazonian riverine residents was 70.1%. In the domains: 64.4% were active in the displacement; 47.1% at home; 50.6% in leisure; and 27.7% at work, considering only those who reported working at the time of the research (n = 18). General physical activity was associated with economic class; physical activity when traveling with place of residence and age group; home physical activity with sex; and leisure-time physical activity with age and gender; presenting association patterns similar to those of other studies in rural and urban areas of Brazil. It is worrying that the frequency of active leisure is low, especially among girls (23.3%). Such analysis is important to understand some determinants of physical inactivity and / or work and commuting activities that reduce it but do not guarantee the right to active and healthy leisure for the significant portion of Brazilian adolescents and students. Caution is needed in analyzing the relationship between total physical activity from displacement and home with health benefits. (AU)

RGMa can induce skeletal muscle cell hyperplasia via association with neogenin signalling pathway.

Although originally discovered inducing important biological functions in the nervous system, repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) has now been identified as a player in many other processes and diseases, including in myogenesis. RGMa is known to be expressed in skeletal muscle cells, from somites to the adult. Functional in vitro studies have revealed that RGMa overexpression could promote skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, as higher efficiency in cell fusion was observed. Here, we extend the potential role of RGMa during C2C12 cell differentiation in vitro. Our results showed that RGMa administrated as a recombinant protein during late stages of C2C12 myogenic differentiation could induce myoblast cell fusion and the downregulation of different myogenic markers, while its administration at early stages induced the expression of myogenic markers with no detectable morphological effects. We also found that RGMa effects on skeletal muscle hyperplasia are performed via neogenin receptor, possibly as part of a complex with other proteins. Additionally, we observed that RGMa-neogenin is not playing a role as an inhibitor of the BMP signalling in skeletal muscle cells. This work contributes to placing RGMa as a component of the mechanisms that determine skeletal cell fusion via neogenin receptor.

Angiotensin II triggers knee joint lesions in experimental osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of Angiotensin II (Ang II) in joint lesions associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Chondrocyte cultures were obtained from knee joints of neonatal rats and stimulated with Ang II/MIA/ACE inhibitors. In vivo, rats treated or not with the ACE inhibitor captopril, received daily injections of Ang II or sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) in knee joints for evaluation of cartilage, bone, and synovial lesions. RESULTS: Cultured chondrocytes expressed the mRNA for Ace, Agtr1, Agtr2, and Mas1. Stimulating cells with Ang II reduced chondrocyte viability and metabolism. Accordingly, in vivo Ang II injection into the knees of rats triggered hyperalgesia, joint edema, increased the number of leukocytes in the joint cavity, and induced cartilage lesions associated with OA alterations. In further experiments, Ang II synthesis was prevented with the ACE inhibitor Captopril in the context of MIA-induced OA. Ang II inhibition with captopril improved the OARSI score, induced chondroprotection, and reduced the leukocyte recruitment from synovium after MIA. Additionally, captopril prevented MIA-induced bone resorption, by decreasing the number of osteoclasts and increasing the expression of IL-10 in the bone. In vitro, inhibiting Ang II synthesis decreased MIA-induced chondrocyte death and increased Col2a1 transcription. CONCLUSION: Ang II induces chondrocyte death and joint tissue damages associated with OA and its modulation can be a therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis.

Transporte ativo no trajeto escolar: uma revisão integrativa / Active transport at the school path: an integrative review

o transporte ativo pode ser uma oportunidade para desenvolver comportamentos mais saudáveis na vida das crianças e jovens. O presente estudo busca identificar barreiras e facilitadores desse comportamento, bem como suas interfaces com a saúde dos escolares por meio de revisão de literatura. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases eletrônicas BVS, Scielo e periódico Capes, utilizando os descritores mobilidade, transporte, deslocamento, ativo, sustentável, estudantes, escolares e trajeto escolar em português, inglês e espanhol. Foram incluídos estudos realizados nas Américas e publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Os 16 artigos selecionados foram desenvolvidos no Brasil, Canadá, México e Estados Unidos, sendo que a maioria deriva de pesquisas mais amplas. Os resultados indicam que a prevalência de transporte ativo no trajeto escolar variou entre 10% nos Estados Unidos e 76% no Brasil. Alguns facilitadores desse comportamento foram: pais que utilizam transporte ativo; expectativa dos pais; percepção dos pais sobre boa estrutura e segurança; crianças mais velhas, sem veículos, de grandes cidades, com menor satisfação familiar, com maior número de dias fisicamente ativos; ser homem; presença de adulto e clima. Algumas barreiras foram: distâncias; maior idade, nível de escolaridade da mãe e classe econômica; maior tempo de trabalho dos pais; posse de veículo; zona urbana; bullying; muita coisa para carregar, ausência de árvore, criminalidade; presença de animais vadios e ter etnia latina. A interface do transporte ativo no trajeto escolar com a saúde foi reportada com o nível de atividade física, obesidade/sobrepeso (saúde individual) e barreiras e facilitadores a esse tipo de deslocamento (saúde ambiental). Considerando que atitudes cultivadas na infância têm grandes chances de permanecer na vida adulta, o transporte ativo no trajeto escolar pode ser uma estratégia na criação de hábitos saudáveis e sustentáveis que contribuam para melhor qualidade de vida, desde que se considerem seus determinantes e condicionantes...(AU)

the active transport can be an opportunity to develop healthier beh av iors in t h e lives of children and young people. The present study seeks to identify barriers and facilitators of this behavior, as well as their interfaces with the students' health through a literature review. It is an integrative literature review carried out on the electronic databases BVS, Scielo and Capes periodical, using the descriptors of mobility, transport, displacement, active, sustainable, students, school and schoo l p ath in Po rtuguese, English and Spanish. Studies carried out in the Americas and published in the last five years were included. The 16 selected papers were developed in Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States, with most of them deriving from broader researches. The results obtained reveal t he p revalence of active transport in school path varied between 10% in the United States and 76% in Brazil. Some facilitators of this behavior were: parents or adults who use active transport; parental expectation; parents' perception of good structure and safety; older children, without vehicles, large cities, with less family satisfaction, with more days of physical activities; be a man; adult presence and climate. Some barriers were: dist an ces; older age, mother's education level and economic class; longer working time for parents; vehicle ownership; urban area; bullying; a lot to carry, few trees, crime; presence of stray anim als and having Latin ethnicity. The interface between active transport in the school path and health was rep o rted as the level of hysical activity, obesity/overweight (individual health) and barriers and facilitators to this type of displacement (environmental health). Considering that attitudes cultivated in childhood are very likely to remain in adulthood, active transportation on the school path can be a strategy in creating h ealthy and sustainable habits that contribute to a better quality of life, as long as its determinants and condit ions are considered...(AU)

A esportivização do surfe: reflexões a luz de Pierre Bourdieu / The sportivization of surf: reflections in the light of Pierre Bourdieu / La esportivización del surf: reflexiones a la luz de Pierre Bourdieu

Pierre Bourdieu é uma referência importante para a pesquisa sociocultural do esporte e de práticas corporais. O presente trabalho, de cunho teórico conceitual, tem como objetivo analisar o processo de esportivização do surfe e identificar algumas vias para a construção de objetos de pesquisa sociocultural do surfe, a partir dos conceitos bourdieusianos de campo social e habitus. Para tanto, aspectos da constituição do surfe como esporte moderno são analisados. A análise também focaliza disputas especificas pelo capital e pela inserção brasileira no cenário internacional, na interface com questões relacionadas ao esporte espetáculo e sua relação com o mercado consumidor. Evidenciam-se contradições relacionadas à profissionalização do esporte, a interesses comerciais e aos ideais de liberdade e prazer presentes no surfe.

Pierre Bourdieu is an important theoretical reference for the sociocultural research of sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of sportivization of surfing and to identify from Bourdieu's perspective some socio cultural dimensions for advance surf research, based on the concepts as social field and habitus. We discuss the process of constitution the surf as a modern sport. The analysis also evidences disputes over capital and the Brazilian insertion in the international competition scenario, as well as issues related to sport spectacle and its relationship with the consumer market. There are contradictions related to the professionalization of sport, commercial interests and the ideals of freedom and pleasure present in surfing.

Pierre Bourdieu es una referencia importante para la investigación sociocultural del deporte. El presente trabajo, de cuño teórico conceptual, tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de esportivización del surf y identificar algunas vías para la construcción de objetos de investigación sociocultural del surf, a partir de los conceptos de campo social y habitus. Discutiremos aspectos de la constitución del surf como deporte moderno, así como se identifican disputas por el capital y la inserción brasileña en el escenario internacional competitivo, en la interfaz con cuestiones relacionadas al deporte espectáculo y su relación con el mercado consumidor. Se evidencian contradicciones relacionadas con la profesionalización del deporte, los intereses comerciales y los ideales de libertad y placer presentes en el surf.

Atividade física em populações rurais do Brasil: uma revisão da literatura / Physical activity in rural populations of Brazil: a review of literature

A presente revisão sintetizou evidências sobre a prática de atividade física e fatores associados em populações rurais brasileiras. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde no período de 2008 a 2018. Foram incluídos artigos originais, em idiomas: inglês e/ou português, realizados com populações rurais. A análise final foi composta por 17 artigos. Desses, 36% são provenientes de pesquisas realizadas na região nordeste, 29% na região sudeste, 29% na região sul, 6% na região norte; não havendo registro de pesquisa realizada na região centro-oeste do país. A maioria das publicações ocorreu a partir do ano de 2014 (82%). As vidências revelaram elevadas frequências de insuficientemente ativos entre as populações rurais (de 13 a 77%), especialmente no domínio lazer, independentemente da faixa etária. As maiores frequências de suficientemente ativos foram nos domínios trabalho, deslocamento e domicílio, com diferenças por sexo. A atividade física foi positivamente associada aos fatores de saúde: estado nutricional, aspectos cognitivos, qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, autopercepção de saúde e as doenças crônicas. Em relação às características metodológicas, as pesquisas analisadas eram quantitativas, transversais e utilizaram questionários. Para além dos impactos fisiológicos atrelados ao gasto energético total, deve-se questionar se a atividade física no trabalho, deslocamento e domicílio, muitas vezes realizados em condições adversas, também promove saúde. A incorporação de outros referenciais teóricos as pesquisas, como o da epidemiologia crítica, delineamentos mais robustos e metodologias qualitativas podem ampliar a compreensão da atividade física no contexto de vida das populações rurais...(AU)

The present review synthesized evidence on the practice of physical activity and associated factors in Brazilian rural populations. The searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scielo, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases from 2008 to 2018. Original articles were included in English and / or Portuguese, with rural populations. The final analysis consisted of 17 articles. Of these, 36% were performed in the northeast region, 29% in the southeast region, 29% in the southern region, 6% in the northern region, and no study was conducted in the central-western region of the country. Most of the publications occurred in 2014 (82%). Evidence revealed a high frequency of insufficiently active among rural populations (from 13 to 77%), especially in the leisure domain, regardless of age. The most frequent frequencies of sufficient active were in the domains work, displacement and domicile, with differences by sex. Physical activity was positively associated with health factors: nutritional status, cognitive aspects, quality of life, functional capacity, self-perception of health and chronic diseases. Regarding the methodological characteristics, the analyzed studies were quantitative, transversal and used questionnaires. In addition to the physiological impacts linked to total energy expenditure, one must question whether physical activity at work, displacement and domicile, often performed in adverse conditions, also promotes health. The incorporation of other theoretical references to studies, such as critical epidemiology, more robust delineations and qualitative methodologies can broaden the understanding of physical activity in the life context of rural populations...(AU)

Traditional and complementary medicine as health promotion technology in Brazil.

Conventional medicine-understood as a medicalized and commodified model based on biomedical and natural hard sciences that provide legitimization and institutionalism to its practices-is hegemonic in health systems. This article examines interfaces between health promotion (HP) and traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM), especially as found in the Brazilian Health System (SUS). In order to analyze the tensions between paradigms that strive for scientific authority in public policies and practices, especially those related to SUS, we rely on Bourdieu's concept of scientific field. Our guidelines to identify the principles and values that mark the HP and T&CM movements were official documents (policies) and scientific publications on the subject. Analysis showed that the underlying values and principles of HP and T&CM converge and add complexity to the health model and its praxis-HP with its theoretical advances and T&CM with its conceptually coherent practices. Both movements recognize the multidimensional and indivisible nature of 'being' and its social and environmental determination. Together, they strengthen the possibilities of offering practices based on HP principles, such as holism, integrality, sustainability, empowerment, autonomy, social participation and others. This encounter offers a promising path for strengthening resistance against the individualized and monetized 'out-of-pocket' medicine model, and favors the reorientation of primary health care toward a more democratic and health-promoting model for SUS.